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Phenobarbital sodium is primarily used as an anticonvulsant to manage and prevent seizures. It is also sometimes used as a sedative to relieve anxiety or tension.

Phenobarbital is still used in certain medical situations, but its use has declined due to the development of newer medications with better safety profiles and fewer side effects. It is primarily used for seizure control, particularly in specific cases like neonatal seizures. However, due to its potential for dependence, sedation, and cognitive side effects, other antiepileptic drugs are often preferred.

Phenobarbital and phenobarbital sodium are essentially the same medication, with the primary difference being their formulation. Phenobarbital is the base form of the drug, while phenobarbital sodium is the sodium salt form. The sodium salt form is more water-soluble, which makes it suitable for intravenous administration. This difference in solubility affects how the drug is administered but not its therapeutic effects.

Phenobarbital is used at the end of life primarily for its sedative and anticonvulsant properties. It can help manage symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, and seizures, providing comfort to patients in palliative care. Its use is aimed at improving the quality of life during the final stages.

Phenobarbital is not classified as a narcotic. It is a barbiturate, which is a type of central nervous system depressant used primarily to treat seizures and sometimes for sedation.